Schools in Egypt and Iraq from the early third millennium to the mid-second millennium BC

Document Type : Academic research papers

Authors

1 Faculty of women of arts since and education

2 Histort Dep. Faculty of Women. Ain Shams Uni.

3 Faculty of Arabic Language, Al-Azhar University

Abstract

There were many types of schools in both Egypt and Iraq, according to the educational stages and the diversity of institutions that were interested in the educational process. The study aims to shed light on the types of schools in ancient Egypt and ancient Iraq, especially in the era of the Old and Middle Kingdoms, and the Sumerian era; due to the scarcity of sources and information that talk about schools in those periods of the history of Egypt and Iraq. The researcher followed the descriptive comparative approach in the work during the study. The researcher reached important results, including that the beginning of formal education in ancient Egypt was in temples and royal palaces. Government institutions were teaching using the training system given by old employees. With the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, conditions changed: schools were opened to the people. Schools were no longer only in temples and royal palaces. Rather, the government institutions had their own schools that taught students and trained them for their future jobs. In Iraq, the beginning of the educational system was in the temple, where the temple’s need for educated people to manage its affairs led to the emergence of schools. The parties that were interested in the educational process varied. Schools became present inside and outside temples. The researcher recommends the need for more studies on schools in both Egypt and Iraq, including their structure, educational stages, and administrative system

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Buhūth
Volume 5, Issue 7
Social Sciences and Humanities and Languages
July 2025
Pages 137-150

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