Rural Return Migration: Patterns and Repercussions on the Labor Market and Employment in the Egyptian Village A Field Study on One of the Villages of Al-Bihaira Governorate

This research paper drives at identifying the patterns of rural return migration, and their reflections on the patterns of work and employment in the Egyptian village. This is achieved by identifying the social and economic characteristics of the labor returning from migration and exploring the jobs that are most attractive to returnees from migration, the reasons for their preference for doing those jobs, and the problems they have faced during search for a job after return. The researcher relies on the Theory of Structural Functionalism, the issue of social change, the Theory of Human Capital, and the Theory of Labor Market Segmentation as a theoretical framework for research. This study belongs to the descriptive type of studies. The researcher has also used the social survey method and the case study method with their different tools; using also the questionnaire as a field research tool to provide quantitative data concerning the work patterns that attract rural labor returning from immigration (research population). The researcher has applied the questionnaire to a purposed sample consisting of (270) items. The researcher has also relied on the interview, as she selected five living units where a person returning from emigration resides in, in addition to interviewing (30) cases of returning immigrants.
 The spread out of dual professions and jobs after return and their preference for government and the private sector jobs, as they enjoy fixed wages, pensions and promotions, in addition to a health insurance system.